A single, trained operator tested the visual fields to minimize the variability of the tests.
A single trained data abstractor coded and entered all data.
Each paper was independently read by a single, trained researcher.
Subjects were interviewed according to a standardized written sequence (see Additional File 2 Appendix 2) by a single, trained interviewer.
Radiographs of the hands and feet were scored using the Sharp-van der Heijde method [ 24] by a single, trained radiologist.
To ensure consistency, scoring of dialyser/venous chamber clotting for heparin dose adjustments are performed at the end of each HD session by a single, trained research nurse.
Following a rigorous training period, a single trained rater (YZ) manually segmented 20 T2w MRI scans to generate reference volumes for the eight subcortical structures and cerebellum.
Fourth, a school audit was performed by a single trained examiner at each participating school [ 21] to examine opportunities for PA in the school environment.
A single trained individual (author KS) assessed peripheral muscle strength using hand-held dynamometry.
All clinical assessments were carried out by a single trained orthopedic.
A single trained speaker was asked to read a short text at comfortable (henceforth 'medium'), slow, and fast speeds.
