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Second-messenger signaling makes it possible for a single odour molecule, binding with a single receptor protein, to effect changes in the degree of opening of a large number of ion channels.
A honeybee can be trained to react to a single odour in just six seconds, although the cycle can require repeating up to five times for slower learners.
Although our results are based on the use of a single odour, benzaldehyde, it is tempting to speculate that the LFP changes we observed in the 70 80 Hz range are a general feature of higher order olfactory processing.
As entire groups of sisters were conditioned on a single odour, an adjusted PI was calculated for this experiment.
Therefore, when different populations of ORNs and CNS neurons exhibit different temporal representations of spiking to a single odour, reinforcement of the odour coding can be expected (Laurent, 2002).
On the other hand, black-box technology is a serious drawback of canine indications in a scent line-up; it is unknown which single odour or combination of odours dogs respond to.
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The reigning paradigm is that ecologically relevant odours are either coded through an activation pattern across different sensory neuron types (combinatorial coding) or through narrowly tuned single-odour-single-neuron systems (labeled-line coding) [ 37].
Individual odours as well as odour blends in Kwok's model have distinct spatio-temporal representations.
In the very least, our results show that future research involving odour conditioning of single antennae should take side differences into account and not assume that they can ignore left-right differences if groups are simply balanced for left and right antennal training [12], [19].
However, this seems unlikely given that ants also responded to the odour of a single, small sun-dried cricket (figure 1 f).
A literature search in PubMed, EMBASE and SveMed using the search terms, Becton Dickinson, prefilled syringes, saline, odour, and taste (single terms and in combination), revealed no published articles addressing this phenomenon.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com