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CAWBG22 never morphed into a single mat. Figure 2 Comparison of growth of three different benthic cyanobacteria species ( Phormidium murrayi (CAWBG22), Ph. autumnale (CAWBG26), Planktothrix sp. (CAWBG59)) in MLA media.
However, in the basidiomycetous yeasts C. neoformans and C. gattii mating is controlled by a bipolar mating system in which a single MAT locus contains the pheromone/pheromone receptor genes linked to the genes encoding the homeodomain proteins [6].
For such cases, a single MAT titre of ≥ 1 400 was used to indicate acute infection.
Cleistothecia also failed to develop on single MAT cultures, indicating that A. lentulus is a heterothallic species.
Indeed, in N. tetrasperma, presence of a crossing-over in the mat region would result in the recovery of homokaryotic spores carrying a single mat locus (Fig. 1 ).
The strain bears MAT alpha genes at a single MAT locus and presents a significant degree of conservation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes, suggesting that it can perform sexual cycles in nature, although genes involved in meiosis were not all recognized.
This allowed us to screen a large number of colonies by replica-mating to standard yeast mating-type tester strains, followed by colony PCR to verify the presence of a single MAT allele (see Additional file 1: Methods for primers).
Hemiascomycetes in particular have evolved homothallic and heterothallic repertoires of bipolar mating strategies orchestrated by a single MAT locus, encoding key transcription factors that govern sexual identity and compatibility (Fraser and Heitman 2003).
A total of 132 case-patients had specific antibodies (49 had a single MAT titer >400 and EIA IgM titer >400, and 83 showed a 4-fold increase in the MAT titer in paired serum samples); 36 cases were confirmed only by culture.
For the purposes of this study, subjects with single specimen titres of 1 400 or higher were considered MAT positive, but in highly endemic settings, a single MAT specimen may not be as specific as a four-fold increase between paired sera specimens.
