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Fourteen unique LMW-GS genes were found in Xiaoyan 54, representing the highest number of LMW-GS genes characterized from a single bread wheat genotype so far.
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The complement of gamma gliadin genes expressed in a single US bread wheat cultivar was examined by assembling nine complete and two partial coding regions from Butte 86 ESTs identified as gamma gliadin sequences in TaGI Release 10.0.
In contrast, a recent report in which bread wheat lines with single and double mutant combinations in SBEIIa were evaluated, a 5-65-6%creamyloseamylose content was found when two homoeologs were mutated (from 33.2% in wild-type lines up to 38.6-39.9% in double mutant lines) [ 60].
However, most of the mutations identified previously in bread wheat resulted from a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Pinb-D1 or Pina-D1 genes.
In the present study, a novel transcription factor gene named TaSTOP1 was cloned from an Al tolerant genotype Barbela 7/72/92 which was derived from Portuguese bread wheat landrace Barbela through single seed descent method [ 40].
In bread wheat, physical localization of single copy gene Glu- 1 and RD50 with FISH technique has been demonstrated on long and short arms of the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes, respectively [ 47, 48].
A total of 1800 million single-end reads were mapped against the IWGSC bread wheat reference assembly.
Physical localization of TaSTOP1 results indicated the presence of a single copy of TaSTOP1 on homoeologous group 3 chromosomes in bread wheat.
This equivalent approach of complexity reduction by amplification from a single sub-genome has been reported on a smaller scale in bread wheat [ 52, 53].
A particular complication in bread wheat is that most genes which are present in single copy in the diploid grasses such as rice and purple false brome are represented by three copies.
The two known Ph2 mutants in bread wheat, ph2a and ph2b, suggest that Ph2 may be a single gene located on the D genome.
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