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Since the predictors are correlated in this simulation, the variance is generally higher for MLR than for PCR.
In our simulation, the variance of the system transition noise is set as σ n 2 = 1 0. 0. We take the weighted sum of posterior particles as the state estimation and calculate the mean-square-error (MSE) from the difference between the state estimation and the true state.
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For the SNR range considered in our simulations, the variance of the estimation error is around 10-1.
Briefly, in the simulations the variance of CVIIM s, n,K as an estimator of CVIIM P,n,K was relatively high and decreased with decreasing CVIIM P ,n,K-values
The risk ratio simulation was similar to the odds ratio simulation, but the variance was different: ε 2 = 1 k ∑ 1 n i 2 p 0 − 2. Furthermore, for each trial: a.
Previous work [ 52] has shown that the technique of frequency domain analysis applied here is especially revealing when applied to stochastic simulation traces; the variance found in reality being absent in deterministic simulations.
(thus it varied between simulation runs) The variance in nest decay rate for each tree type was set at half the mean type-specific decay rate.
In all simulations, the variances of the relay and the destination noises are assumed to be equal to each other and the transmit power of the source is assumed to be 10 dB higher than the noise powers.
We calculated the between-imputation variance of the estimated log hazard ratios, defined as the mean (across simulations) of the variance of the log hazard ratio estimates from the 10 imputations per data set.
We use empirical estimates of age-specific survival (Carlson et al. 2008) and age- and sex-specific fertility (Serbezov et al. 2010) in an individual-based simulation model to estimate the variance in lifetime reproductive success and obtain a generational Ne estimate.
The simulation indicated that the variance of the distribution was highly dependent on PCR bias and that the mode of the distribution corresponded to the composition of SNP alleles.
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