The aggregation observed in simulations, is caused by the collective behavior of the system which transforms the pair repulsive interactions (which are the only ones that are considered in DPD) in a collective attraction.
The layered structure that exists in the liquid films in these simulations is caused by the difference in bond strength between Si-O semi-covalent bonds and Mg-O ionic bonds.
Unlike in weather forecasting, uncertainties in earthquake simulations are caused by uncertainties in many factors.
High frequency intensity fluctuations as a function of photon energy in the simulations are caused by the fiber core, which acts as a larger resonant cavity introducing an abundance of defect modes.
The small difference between the calculated results and simulation results is caused by the different values of avalanche field in the simulation and calculation.
In the simulation, this response is caused by higher growth rates when iron limitation is reduced.
Finally, the experimental result showed good agreement with the simulations, and the deviation from the simulation to the measurement is caused by the model input inaccuracy.
Since there is no channel noise in this set of simulations, the measured MSE is caused by the residual ISI and ICI.
The primary challenge for the simulation of structural fatigue failure is caused by the enormous computational costs due to cycle-by-cycle temporal integration throughout the whole loading history, which is in the order of 103 107 cycles.
Numerical simulations demonstrate that the phenomenon is caused by the insurgence of stick-slip vibrations during shaft deceleration.
