Theoretical analysis (see Figure 4) as well as recent Monte Carlo simulation evidence [43] suggest that d calculated from dichotomous data using observed means and SDs (denoted dp) as well as d from phi (dphi) are one of the worst effect size indices for dichotomous data as they underestimate the true effect size so severely.
The reason for the poorer performance of the moving total models with k ≥4 was that in the simulations, because of evidence from previous studies (Schwartz 2000), the effect of PM on mortality was mainly concentrated at lags of up to 2 days.
That the past informs the future in this way (i.e., recollection-guides-simulation) is evidenced from research demonstrating that retrospection and prospection rely on largely overlapping neural structures and cognitive operations [3], [13], [14].
Current evidence from simulation studies suggests that the accuracy of commonly used criteria for determining the number of segments in a market depends on the usage context, including the type of distribution being used to describe the data, the model specification, and the characteristics of the market.
Although evidence from simulation supports the principle of generalisability [ 12], specific scenarios may result in significant bias if selection criteria and dependent variables are closely related [ 32].
For example, evidence from simulations suggests that biologically realistic dynamics can be produced by scale-free network topologies with canalizing Boolean functions.
Taxa expressing polymorphisms were assigned an alternative character state rather than a standard polymorphic coding, as evidence from simulations indicates that the former method may increase phylogenetic accuracy relative to the latter [ 64].
It is worth noting, however, that a statistical comparison whose results could be generalizable needs a large number of studies [ 12] or convincing evidence from simulations, and therefore two examples would have been meant as illustrative even if they had had a larger effective sample size.
We therefore suggest that network-level functional connectivity within the motor system is related to the degree of inhibition in M1, a major node within the motor network, a finding in line with converging evidence from both simulation and empirical studies.
We find evidence from the simulations that wetlands' ecological health is sensitive to the design of the social marketing campaign.
