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One can encounter this when simulating problems with low density, high Mach number, or much large magnetic energy compared with internal energy.
In addition, a novel approach is adopted to estimate pressure gradient when updating velocities and positions of fluid particles, leading to a relatively smoother pressure time history that is crucial for success in simulating problems about wave structure interaction.
In this paper, we adopt the following notation: a bold font variable refers to an N×1 vector, e.g. X t), and unless otherwise specified the indices i=1,…, N and j=1,…, M. A conceptually simple way of simulating problems using this framework is the SSA of Gillespie [ 10].
As the original model was not capable of keeping the interface thickness constant when simulating problems involving moving interfaces, an intermediate step originally proposed by Olsson and Kreiss (2005) is adopted in this work in order to remedy this shortcoming.
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The Bank of England's governor, Mervyn King, had alluded to the exercise in an interview in 2005, noting: "To make it real, we've actually had to simulate problems in real live institutions … the skill in constructing it is to make it plausible".
"Our technology tries to simulate problems ahead of time and create predictions based on the asks," Savaiano said.
Each one of the simulated problems is solved using the proposed algorithm 10 times.
This method enables one to simulate problems with particle deformation and fluid structure deformation.
The influence of fluid particle interaction on the behaviour of granular media is well captured in all the simulated problems.
For the purpose of algorithm test and analysis, a problem-generating program is designed, which can simulate problems by modeling features encountered in real-world problems.
Three sets of simulated problems with known optimal solutions are solved using CPGEA, and the gap between its solutions and optimal solutions is measured.
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