Dimensional anisotropy associated with chemical banding was investigated using a material point model to simulate transformation anisotropy due to manganese inhomogeneity.
Functions designed especially for each type of reaction (e.g., carboxylation, decarboxylation, transketolase-type) simulate transformation of the carbon skeleton (specific transitions of labeled carbons), and the production and consumption rate for each isotopomer of the considered system.
The models use empirically constrained, first-order and pseudo-first-order rate constants to simulate transformations among Hg species [MeHg, Hg II), and Hg(0)] through methylation, demethylation, oxidation, and reduction.
Rubasinghege et al. (2010) simulated the transformation of non-bioavailable iron to dissolved iron in atmospheric iron particles in the presence of acids, and found that the presence of sulfuric acid on the particles resulted in a dramatic increase in the bioavailable iron.
A robust phenomenological constitutive model is implemented to simulate martensite transformation, reorientation of martensite variants, pseudo-elasticity and shape memory effects of SMAs.
Although the model is developed for cubic to tetragonal transformations, it can be adapted to simulate martensitic transformations for other crystalline structures.
A recently developed multiscale martensitic transformation model is combined with a plasticity model to simulate the transformation-induced plasticity effects of a grain of retained austenite embedded in a ferrite-based matrix.
Furthermore, folding of a structure with small unstressed-length cables is approximately simulated using affine transformation of equilibrium shape.
We simulated the gradual transformation of all local through roads into "self-explaining roads" (Theeuwes and Godthelp 1995) by 2050, creating low-speed local streets using nontraditional, endemic road features such as street narrowing, trees, and art (Charlton et al. 2010).
The aim of this work is to simulate both transformations within a unified model.
