When S exceeds a decision threshold determined by maximum likelihood, the simulated participant responds yes on that trial, and otherwise responds no.
We assumed that each simulated participant's simulated computer added a constant to all of their response times, which was drawn from a uniform distribution between 30 and 100 ms.
We also assumed that each simulated participant's simulated computer added random Gaussian noise to each trial, with a standard deviation drawn from a uniform distribution between 6 and 17 ms.
Each simulated participant was assumed to have a different ex-Gaussian: The mean of the Gaussian component was drawn from a uniform distribution between 400 and 600 ms, the standard deviation of the Gaussian component was drawn from a uniform distribution between 25 and 75 ms, and the mean of the exponential component was drawn from a uniform distribution between 50 and 100 ms.
The CT examination was, for each new phantom nodule set-up, repeated five times, with a small translocation and rotation of the phantom in between each examination to simulate participant movement.
For each task, step, and sub-step of simulated injections, participants were asked a set of questions to assess effectiveness of user interaction with the redesigned pen.
Subsequent to the completion of the simulated scenarios, participants were asked to provide feedback on their experience of completing the instrument.
Half of the consumers received the CATA question with the terms in a fixed order, whereas for the other half of participants the order of terms was different for each sample (i.e., simulating within participants balancing of term presentation order).
That there are differences between older and younger participants is not surprising, but the pattern of differences between older and younger participants demonstrates that older participants' difficulties reading text can be simulated for younger participants in a simple and straightforward manner, by applying the appropriate blur or added noise to a given design.
The construction and decision phases are repeated 10,000 times to simulate 10,000 participants making an eyewitness decision.
