Sentence examples for simulate immune response from inspiring English sources

These mathematical models offer potential for understanding complex dynamic systems and, therefore, are used by researchers from various fields to simulate immune response to specific disease [ 12– 15].

By using the same model structure, but species-specific parameters, the model can be used to simulate immune responses in mouse and human.

To demonstrate the potential of the model to simulate immune responses in a human population, adalimumab (Humira) was used as a representative therapeutic protein.

The model is able to simulate immune responses based on protein-specific antigenic properties (e.g., number of T-epitopes and their major histocompatibility complex (MHC -II binding affinities) and host-specific iMHC -IIgical/physiological characteristics (e.g., MHC-II allele genotype, drug clearance rate).

Further, using adalimumab as an example therapeutic protein, the model is able to simulate immune responses against adalimumab in individual subjects and in a population, and also provides estimations of immunogenicity incidence and drug exposure reduction that can be validated experimentally.

In order to build a general computational framework by simulating immune response process, this paper introduces a model for population-based artificial immune systems, termed as PAIS, and applies it to numerical optimization problems.

By simulating immune responses under various initial parameter conditions, the model suggests hypotheses for future experimental investigation and contributes to the mechanistic understanding of immunogenicity.

We chose Salmonella as a "targeted" pathogen strain in our mathematical model and simulated immune responses to Salmonella in the liver of mice.

The capability of the model to simulate population responses was demonstrated by simulating immune responses against adalimumab in a North American population as well as in a European clinical trial.

The simulated immune responses depend on (i) protein-specific antigenic characteristics, e.g., the number of T-cell epitope, their MHC-II binding affinities, and therapeutic protein dosing regimen; and (ii) patient-specific characteristics, e.g., patient-specific MHC-II genotype and individual clearance rate for adalimumab.

For example one can model the different immune system entities composed of cells and molecules to simulate the immune response against a specific pathogen, or one can use the cells as the basic elements and study tissue-level properties as results of the interactions of the cells.