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A variety of vertebrates and a handful of invertebrates, including octopuses and spiders even a bacterium are members of the personality club, but the researchers say sea anemones set a new bar as the animal with the simplest nervous system.
Even the simplest nervous systems are beyond our power to accurately simulate, let alone recreate — and the human brain is many orders of magnitude larger and more complex — in fact, it is almost certainly the most complex system we know of.
Conceptually, the simplest nervous system possible here would be a diffuse nerve net consisting of a significant number of neurons spread out over a large portion of the animal's body, such as can nowadays be seen in Hydra (Grimmelikhuijzen 1985).
In this case, the simplest nervous system that is conceptually possible consists of a single neuron that connects a sensor to an effector (Parker 1919; Mackie 1990; Lichtneckert and Reichert 2007; Miller 2009, Jékely 2011).
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C. elegans has a much simpler nervous system than humans.
"The common earthworm has a very simple nervous system.
G.S. Stent and D.A. Weisblat (1982) The development of a simple nervous system.
Despite its apparently simple nervous system, C. elegans is known to possess complex functions.
They have a different, much simpler "nervous system," lacking the "machinery" that would be required to have complex feelings.
Having a detailed, proddable model of a far simpler nervous system would be a good first step.
The Murphy lab uses a tiny nematode worm (called C. elegans) with a simple nervous system of only 302 neurons to address important questions in neuroscience.
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