For instance, molecular biologists design similarity tests between two DNA sequences where a 1 is interpreted as a match of the sequences at a given position and everything else as a 0.
It is a compact and efficient binary descriptor that performs a number of similarity tests between a feature image region and a selected number of synthetic basis images and uses their similarity test results as the feature descriptors.
Therefore, the known geographic range was used for niche similarity tests, rather than the Maxent output.
Additionally, two randomization tests were run in ENMtools to evaluate niche similarity and conservatism between sister species only: niche identity and background similarity tests [ 26].
In the case of sequence similarity tests, observing low similarity (e.g., a small S statistic in BLAST search) is expected under the null distribution of random alignments.
In contrast, the niche similarity tests [ 26] based on the ecological niche models demonstrated that all species pair had highly significantly different niches (Table 1).
Similarity tests were conducted through use of MOE, in which molecular fingerprints were selected based on the presence or absence of one of the 166 public MDL Information Systems' structural Molecular Access System (MACCS) keys (Willett et al. 1998).
For mostly historical reasons, the E-value is conventionally used more often in sequence similarity tests, like BLAST searches, and it can be directly calculated from the P-value: (1) E = - ln(1 - P) For small values of the P-value (< 0.05), both measures are approximately equivalent.
