If the TF is significantly activated, we would expect genes with higher binding affinities (b values) to have higher expression changes (e values), and thereby f(i) increases rapidly relative to g(i ).
Duplicate gene pairs were binned according to Ks (width = 0.3), and we assume that the initial frequency of duplicates was the same within each bin (if the initial conditions were significantly different, we would expect to see deviation from the observed frequencies in the model predictions, which was not the case).
In fact, for any gene whose expression varied significantly between subpopulations and any SNP whose frequency also varied significantly between subpopulations, we would detect associations for such trait-SNP pair.
"This allows both of us to reach profitability in our toy businesses significantly sooner than we would have been able to," said Jeffrey P. Bezos, chief executive of Amazon.
"The number of people wishing to travel is significantly higher than we would normally expect for this type of event.
Echoing comments from earlier in the week, when he warned about the problems of the weak dollar, Mr. Bernanke said the current rate of inflation, at about 3.5percentt, was "significantly higher than we would like".
A study published this spring in Geophysical Research Letters found that if we inject sulfur aerosols into the stratosphere in order to dial down the sun, the sky would not only become whiter and significantly brighter, but we would also be treated to more intense, "volcanic" sunsets.
To test for significantly divergent SNPs, we would like to calculate probabilities from the null model, the normal density associated with neutral SNPs.
We tested the hypothesis that the amount of divergence in sperm traits among populations was significantly higher than we would expect for neutral variation, indicating directional selection for different trait means among populations.
