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Today PP fibres might be able to impart significant toughness and ductility to concrete.
Blends containing 30 wt% ABS and molded into 3.18 mm samples are super tough in the absence of a compatibilizer; however, 6.35 mm specimens require higher ABS contents and compatibilization to achieve significant toughness.
Significant toughness improvement found in the reactive systems appears to originate from the enhanced interfacial adhesion provided by the PSU PA copolymers, not simply by the reduced particle size of PA dispersed phases.
Long (∼20 micron) aligned CNTs add significant toughness in steady state (>1 kJ/m2 increase for marine epoxy) via CNT pullout and by driving the crack through tortuous paths around and through microfiber bundles/tows, whereas shorter CNTs produce less toughening (or even reduced toughness in aerospace epoxy), which is attributed to increased microfiber matrix cohesive failure.
One of the HTA-derived PEsI systems can be a promising candidate as plastic substrates because of its excellent combined properties: a high Tg close to 300 °C, high optical transparency, significant toughness (elongation at break > 100%), and good thermo- and solution-processability.
The results confirmed the significant toughness of laminates based on a bio-based epoxy matrix and their superior damage tolerance compared to standard hemp-epoxy laminates, thus highlighting their potential use in semi-structural applications due to an improved interfacial adhesion with hemp fibres.
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Stress intensity factors, obtained from corresponding J-integral computations, show clearly the significant fracture toughness demand from residual stresses prior to application of the structural loads.
No significant improvements in toughness were found for the hybrid epoxy polymer nanocomposites without reactive diluent.
Green density is shown to have a significant effect on toughness.
The partial purification of the thermoplastic phase produced a significant enhancement of toughness.
Futher, it is also noted that a significant improvement in toughness was obtained with an increase in the aliphatic ether linkage chain length.
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