Feeley predicts significant species population reductions and extinctions due to climate change in the next 50 to 75 years based on his tree-migration studies in both Peru and Costa Rica.
Bighorn sheep populations have also partially recovered from a significant disease-related population reduction in the 1980's [33], [43], though populations were steady overall between 1995 and 2007.
Mammographic breast screening opportunities and programs have been introduced in many high-income countries over the past three decades [ 1– 3], with the expectation of achieving significant population breast cancer mortality reduction.
If L. leucozonium spread across NA via additional small founder events, creating serial bottlenecks, we would expect to see a much stronger signature of genetic drift in our dataset, such as significant population structure, isolation by distance, and reductions of genetic diversity from the initial introduction site (the east coast) to the colonizing front [32], [37]; these patterns are absent.
Three other large trials have now been undertaken using un-rehydrated tests and two have reported a more modest but highly significant 15%20%% population mortality reduction [ 21, 22].
There was also an inverse association between coffee consumption and liver cancer among European and Asian populations, and the significant risk reduction was stronger among Asian than European populations.
Such differences at a population level are significant; a reduction of BP by 2 3 mm Hg would greatly reduce associated morbidity (25).
In the total population, significant reductions were observed in the median (IQR) MIDAS score (baseline vs 3 months of nVNS treatment: 26 [18, 41.5] vs 15 [9, 34.5] points; p < 0.001) and MIDAS grade (3.5 [3, 4] vs 3 [2, 4]; p = 0.008) (Fig. 5a).
Smokefree legislation in England led to significant reductions in population exposure to SHS.
Significant reductions in population size and distribution during that time have been attributed to excessive grazing of rangelands, conversion of native rangelands to croplands, drought, and chemical control of sand sagebrush (Artemesia filifolia) and shin-oak (Quercus havardii).
