A significant number of methods exist for catalytic functionalization of unsubstituted quinolines in the C2 position with Pd, Cu, Ni, Rh, Ru, and Ag as catalysts.
A significant number of methods have addressed the clustering of protein sequences and most of them can be categorized in three major groups: hierarchical, graph-based and partitioning methods.
We would like to highlight the fact that a significant number of new methods have been proposed by researchers with modification to these methods, most of which require some post-processing work such as noise reduction.
A significant number of clustering methods reported in the literature use colour histograms as the descriptive features, and the clustering is performed using distance functions such as Euclidean distances or histogram intersection measures.
In the last two decades, a significant number of feature selection methods have been proposed that work differently using various metrics (like probability distribution, entropy, correlation etc) [1, 3, 11, 12, 15, 22, 26, 29].
As such, they would be expected to contain a significant number of mutated genes (Methods section; Hanahan & Weinberg, 2000).
The QTDTM and QCPG methods, however, have a significant number of nuisance parameters when the methods are extended to multi-locus haplotypes.
From the literature survey, we found that a significant number of references for the XRD methods used spectra of very poor quality.
Since this procedure often leads to a significant number of spots with saturated intensity, methods for extending the usable range are needed.
Window-based convolutions on the other hand perform slightly better than Gaussian convolutions at identifying atoms with relatively low intensities but at the cost of a significant number of false-positives since the method is dominated by atoms or atomic columns with relatively high intensities.
However, simulating a significant number of spectra using a simulation method such as the MSSimulator (Bielow et al., 2011) is particularly time-consuming and practically infeasible.
