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The other cohort study and the one with serological H. pylori tests demonstrated no significant cost effects or did not report calculations [ 42, 49].
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Also using econometric panel models, the most recent study consulted [ 22] indicates significant cost driving effects of a higher number of drug-dispensing physicians and more foreigners in the population, while more managed care models tend to contain health costs.
For hypertensive patients who required ARB-based combination therapy, switching to FDC drugs had a significant cost-saving effect.
We could not detect a significant cost-increasing effect of female gender [ 22, 65] or high education [ 66, 67] as reported for health service use by other studies that applied the Andersen model.
Unlike most fads, these likely classics demand real organizational changes at significant cost and have lasting effects.
This may result in significant cost savings without any negative effects on expected pavement performance.
Therefore, when the base layer is stiff enough to support the slab deflection and resist erosion (e.g., AC layer), special dowel bar arrangement could provide similar performance as compared to standard dowel bar arrangement that result in significant cost savings without any negative effects on expected pavement performance.
Thermal energy storage (TES) offers a means of effecting significant cost savings and conservation of premium fuels.
These effects result in significant cost savings because of a median 2-day reduction in length of hospital stay.
Pharmacological therapies, which often bear significant costs and side effects, may relieve symptoms temporarily but seldom correct underlying causes.
The economic analysis was performed from the societal perspective which means that all significant costs and health effects both in the short and long term should be considered, regardless of who experiences the costs or the health gains [ 8].
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