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Finally, the ERRs display significant constitutive transcriptional activity that is dependent on the presence of coactivator proteins, most prominently peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1α and peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1β (PGC-1α and PGC-1β), which regulate metabolic pathways and exhibit high specificity for the ERRS19,20,21.
In contrast, postnatal fibroblasts demonstrate significant constitutive COL1A1 gene expression at baseline and unchanged after TGF-beta1 stimulation.
The R137C and R137L mutants when expressed in COS-7 cells exhibited a significant constitutive activity when measuring the intracellular cAMP accumulation.
Up to 40% of all GPCRs [34], including the 5-HT4 receptor [35], show significant constitutive activity, and Rs1 could be a good model for these receptors.
Since both mutants retained significant constitutive activity in the presence of PGC1α (Figure 4: V255M, 100% activity; R226M, 63%), we conclude that unoccupied HNF4α can activate transcription.
We found a significant constitutive increase in accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins (Ub) in the adult as compared to the pediatric mice lungs that correlate with higher NFκB and p-eIF2α levels (Fig. 2A, top panel).
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We observed a significant (p<0.03) constitutive increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in both serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of adult mice as compared to the pediatric (Fig. 1A, B).
This significant (probably constitutive) expression of antimicrobial peptides might be caused by the uptake of food with a high bacterial load.
In this context, it is significant that constitutive expression of Cyp1a1, a gene that is normally silent in the absence of ligand, was significantly derepressed during differentiation in the absence of TCDD, suggesting a response to either ligand-independent AHR activation or to activation by an endogenous ligand.
A significant number of constitutive models developed to predict the behaviour of columns confined with fiber polymer sheets have been proposed.
Root growth was only affected in concentrations higher than 30 μM Cd, but the presence of low cadmium concentrations induced significant alterations in constitutive thiols and triggered the synthesis of PCs and hPCs, bearing two to four olygomeric repeats.
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