Similarly, three "alternative 5' splice site" and 11 "alternative 3' splice site" events showed nominal significance (p < 0.01), yet none of them retained significance after multiple testing correction.
Although we found few differences between the numbers and sizes of ALS-specific and control-specific regions overall, we identified 5 regions that were ALS-specific and achieved significance (before multiple testing correction).
For both disorders, the observed absence of MSP-GSMA overlap among the significant results is further supported by the fact that most significant findings under one method did not even approach significance under the other method (See Table S3 & Table S4 for further details).. Notably, 5 MSP windows retained significance after multiple testing correction in the bipolar analysis.
Seven metabolites differentiated between HIV patients with and without NCI, but these differences did not reach statistical significance following multiple testing correction (Supplemental Digital Content 9).
They identified 404 different miRNAs but the results did not show statistical significance after multiple testing correction (FDR) and Real-time PCR validation of 5 miRNAs which were differentially regulated without FDR correction showed no statistical differences [ 29].
22 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the two groups (p < 0.05 and fold change (FC) > 1.5), but did not reach statistical significance after multiple testing correction (false discovery rate adjusted p > 0.05).
Other worth noting associations, of borderline statistical significance after multiple testing correction, were a positive association between diets high in oven-broiled short ribs or spareribs and CRC risk (Ptrend = 0.002), which was also stronger among MMR-deficient cases, and an inverse association with grilled hamburgers (Ptrend = 0.002).
The results are summarised in Figure 1 and Supplementary Table 4 in Additional File 1. Analysis of the 52 tagSNPs in ESR1 (including the PvuII, XbaI, codon 243 and codon 325 SNPs) did not reveal any association with breast cancer risk, NPI or breast cancer survival whose statistical significance withstood multiple testing correction.
Due to our use of multiple significance tests, no corrections using a chosen false discovery rate were performed.
When we restricted to DE genes that were significant after multiple testing correction, the statistical significance of the overlap with ovary-expressed genes dropped, presumably due in part to a loss of statistical power.
For example, at the genus level, there may be 1,000 tests performed, requiring a high level of significance to pass multiple testing correction, whereas at the phylum level, only 10 tests may be performed, requiring a less stringent threshold for significance.
