On the other hand, studies confirm that firms that invest in CSR practices show high levels of EM because managers try to disguise the low quality of firms' financial statements through signalling higher levels of CSR.
The distinction between current and forecast values does not always matter much, as (for example) high levels of inflation or output today may signal high levels of those variables in the future.
Authors have suggested that the growth of such traits is mediated by immune-stressing steroids such as testosterone, and that as only high quality males can "afford" exposure to immune stress, these traits signal high levels of immunocompetence [2] [7].
Several researchers have suggested that rapid life history changes should be interpreted as a warning sign of impending stock decline, as they typically signal high levels of mortality (Trippel 1995; Olsen et al. 2004).
In tumors with activated Hh signaling, high levels of PTCH-1 have been reported, especially within the tumor stroma.
Conversely, a transgenic tomato line (called 35S::PS) that exhibits constitutive JA signaling accumulated high levels of leaf CP in the absence of jasmonate treatment.
Shelf-breaks are commonly considered important for foraging procellariforms [6], [25], because associated upwellings often cause high productivity and may be signalled by high levels of dimethyl sulphide [26].
Consistent with this notion, we found that dad-lacZ, which is induced by BMP signaling, exhibits high levels of expression in ISCs and low levels of expression in EBs.
Syndromic surveillance in Emergency Departments (EDs) endeavours to achieve near real-time monitoring of routinely collected health-related data to signal uncommonly high levels of presentations of particular syndromes [ 1- 3].
Recent evidence has shown that sustained high-dose TCR signalling and high levels of IL-12 were required for the induction and maintenance of IL-10 secretion in Th1 cells, through sustained ERK1 and ERK2 MAP kinase phosphorylation [ 49 ].
