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Reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide, are important signalling compounds in various cell death processes in plants.
In the field, plants artificially induced with chemical signalling compounds were less likely to be attacked and were attacked later in the season.
As highlighted recently by Hay [4], future identifications of contact pheromones of other species are required to develop an understanding of contact pheromone evolution and their roles in the marine ecosystem; based on our data, it is feasible to suggest that CHC's could also play a significant role as signalling compounds in aquatic environments.
It is currently unknown whether V. longisporum produced such signalling compounds, which might have been transported with the xylem sap.
Besides phosphatidylinositol, inositol-derived galactinol and associated raffinose family oligosaccharides are emerging as antioxidants and putative signalling compounds [ 36].
These cells actively control vascular behaviour by producing signalling compounds (for instance, Ang-1 and VEGF) that govern the activity and response of ECs [ 61].
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A signalling molecule that may elicit stress and signalling networks [ 52], arachidonic acid and the salicylic acid-related plant signalling compound azelaic acid [ 53] were differentially regulated between young and old leaves.
Protein phosphatase PP2A was, however, the only signalling compound tested that was directly linked to retrieval in the cFC.
Therein, this PRR signalling compound proved to be essential in limiting bacterial penetration by triggering a complex antimicrobial program (Vaishnava et al, 2008).
The unidentified signalling compound is also likely to be similar to strigolactones, since KAI2 is very similar to the strigolactone receptor DWARF14 [ 11] (Fig. 6).
Phytohormone or signalling compound GO groups were defined as significantly over-represented in the group of differentially expressed genes, when p[hyper] < 0.01.
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