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These findings thus suggest that it is not innate immune signalling as such, but rather hyper-responsiveness of the innate immune system that constitutes the underlying mechanism of I/R injury.
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The end of this long piece signals, as such reflections do, a fresh start: "On a sunny summer afternoon I turned my back on Oxford … My dreams of philosophical wisdom had ended a couple of years before".
Thus, the signal as such is not predictive of the outcome and additional layers of control exist to determine specificity of Erk1/2 activation.
Lipoxygenases metabolize polyunsaturated fatty acids into signalling molecules such as leukotrienes and lipoxins.
There is an extensive interplay between tumour cells and signalling molecules such as chemokines [ 1, 2].
Extensive interplay exists between the tumour cells and signalling molecules such as chemokines.
According to the objective view, weak signals exist as such and are independent of the interpreter.
They are as follows; Growth factor signaling such as EGFR.
Cellular aging can be defined as over-activation of signaling pathways (such as mTOR) with secondary signal resistance [ 14].
However, many models focus on isolated steps of the signaling such as e.g. IKK dephosphorylation [51].
A different stress signal such as glucose starvation rapidly activates this pathway involving p53 and AMPK.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com