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(B) Enlarged mature sieve element.
Liesche, J., Windt, C., Bohr, T., Schulz, A. & Jensen, K. H. Slower phloem transport in gymnosperm trees can be attributed to higher sieve element resistance.
Our findings provide experimental evidence that PRms traffics from companion cells into the sieve element via plasmodesmata.
Sieve-tube elements are almost always adjacent to nucleus-containing companion cells, which have been produced as sister cells with the sieve element from the same mother cell.
Liesche, J., Pace, M. R., Xu, Q., Li, Y. & Chen, S. Height‐related scaling of phloem anatomy and the evolution of sieve element end wall types in woody plants.
In the non-induced condition, PSE cells (white arrowheads) and their neighbouring cells composed of metaphloem sieve element (MSE) (dark green arrows) and two lateral companion cells (orange arrowheads)—are spatially separated from the xylem axis by intervening procambium.
Across nine deciduous species, we find that hydraulic resistance in the phloem scales inversely with plant height because of a shift in sieve element structure along the length of individual trees.
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The presence of a high density of phloem sieve elements was confirmed using light microscopy and fluorescently labeled sieve element-specific antibodies.
The R6 antibody readily cross-reacts with the protein antigen in B. oleracea that is homologous to the Arabidopsis Sieve Element-specific Early Nodulin (SE-ENOD) encoded by At3g20570 [ 25].
Thus in vivo AsA biosynthesis within the phloem tissue (i.e. the sieve element-companion cell [SE-CC] complex) may involve enzymic cooperation between the sieve tubes and the mitochondria rich companion cells.
Evidence to date indicates that proteins destined to travel in the phloem in Arabidopsis are made in companion cells and enter sieve elements via companion cell-sieve element plasmodesmata [ 50- 52].
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