The protuberances are created evenly along two sides of the grooves.
Figure 3g shows that there is one scratching-induced impression of the groove formed on the surface, and wear debris which accumulate on both sides of the groove is also observed.
It is seen from Figure 10 that for each surface orientation, there are aligned concave groove patterns formed on the sample surface, accompanied with surface pileup residing on both sides of the groove.
As a result, the protuberances are squeezed evenly onto the two sides of the groove scratched.
The volume of surface pile up on both sides of formed groove is more pronounced for the rake angle with negative values than that with positive ones.
During the scratching process, the pulverized material is squeezed to the two sides of the groove to form material pile-up.
Moreover, as shown in Fig. 3, because the tip plows on the PMMA film, there are no chips formed during the scratch and only pile-ups can be formed, on one side or both sides of the groove.
When a commonly used coating method like magnetron sputtering is employed to deposit the Boron-layer, due to the line-of-sight distribution of the ions, the thickness of the coating on the side of the grooves will be reduced by a factor ∼sinα/2 with respect to the thickness of the layer deposited on a flat surface normal to the ion flux.
In addition, microcracking is concentrated on the sides of the grinding grooves, corresponding to the zone of maximum tensile stress during contact with an abrasive particle.
Bajah + the Dry Eye Crew, a three-man Sierra Leonean hip-hop group relocated to New York City, tore into socially conscious party music that draws from both sides of the Atlantic African and Caribbeann grooves, three-part harmony and raspy dancehall toasting, denunciations of "hypocrites" and "bloodsuckers" and calls for love and dancing.
