They included RTW indicators and sickness absence duration.
The strongest indicators for sickness certification were patients' and GP's assessment of reduced work capacity.
All results in this study were based on information provided in sickness certificates as an indicator for changes in practice.
A >4% increased heart rate during submaximal exercise in response to a moderate increase in perceived training load the previous day may be an indicator of sickness the next day.
Nausea, disorientation and ocular problems such as eyestrain, blurred vision and eye fatigue have been reported as some of the indicators of simulation sickness in fixed-base simulators [27, 32].
First, in a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data from the Somstress study, effort-reward imbalance at work was found to be associated not only with mental health indicators, but also with sickness absence, an indicator that is less vulnerable to reporting bias [ 22].
Two indicator variables were constructed: (1) sickness absence 1 12 days because of MSD and (2) sickness absence >12 days because of MSD.
Moreover, several studies have confirmed that a poor WAI rating predicts productivity loss at work, retirement intentions, long-term sickness-related absences, early retirement and different indicators of need for rehabilitation [ 19- 25].
Pending confirmatory research on a larger group of players, an increased heart rate during submaximal exercise following a subtle increase in perceived training load the day before may be an indicator of increased risk of sickness the next day.
Studies also estimated productivity losses using labor market indicators including unemployment, RTW, absenteeism, presenteeism, sickness absence and loss in working hours.
