Equity crowdfunding and its close sibling peer-to-peer lending are now firmly on the radar screen of policymakers.
We sought to determine whether parenting, sibling and peer influences are associated with offspring ever smoking, regular smoking and nicotine dependence (ND) after controlling for familial factors.
In addition we did not collect data on father, sibling and peers support.
Additional research are needed to determine and compare the predictive values of the other potential social support sources including father, sibling and peers to better understand the influences of parental support on adolescent eating behavior and other health behaviors.
Additional research are needed to determine and compare the predictive values of the other potential social support sources including father, sibling, and peers to better understand the influences of parental support on adolescent physical activity and other kind of health behaviors.
Possible underlying proximal mechanisms are discussed, including maternal speech and mind-mindedness, sibling interactions, and peer influences.
However, peer, sibling and, in particular, parent smoking was associated with perceiving more pros of smoking.
25 26 Parent, sibling and peer smoking were assessed as factors from social environment (no vs any parent/sibling/peer smoking).
For instance, longitudinal measurement of peer and sibling social interactions is missing.
However, more evidence is required and research is needed to determine the mechanisms associated with peer and sibling influence.
It could be a peer, parent, classmate, sibling, or friend.
