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A short birth spacing of less than 24 months was associated with an increased risk of perinatal mortality because of the well known phenomena related to sibling competitions recognized as the maternal depletion syndrome [ 15- 17].
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Therefore, the predicted positive relationship between the duration of nestling period and sibling competitive aggression may not apply when trying to explain conspicuousness of nestlings gapes as consequence of sibling competition for parental attention.
From Freud's psychoanalytic ideas about sibling competition to his disciple, Adler, and his work on sibling birth order, traditional psychological theory has plenty to say about the dark side of the sibling relationship.
When these subregions meet, sibling competition starts and spurious boundaries may form.
Incubation takes 30 36 days; hatching success for undisturbed pairs can be as high as 95 percent but, because of sibling competition or siblicide, in the wild usually all but one nestling dies within the first few weeks (later in the pink-backed and spot-billed species).
She gave her Oscar-winning performance as the threatened wife in "Suspicion," opposite Cary Grant, in 1941, the same year for which De Havilland was nominated for "Hold Back the Dawn" — a head-to-head sibling competition that had the Hollywood press buzzing.
It, thus, follows that conspicuousness should positively covary with level of sibling competition.
However, parents might be selected to influence the outcome of sibling competition through differential investment.
Moreover, the merely use of clutch size as a surrogate for sibling competition is debatable.
Clutch size was used as a species-specific proxy of sibling competition in the nest based on the assumption that for a similar amount of parental feeding effort sibling competition would be higher in nests with larger broods.
In a previous study we have controlled for a possible role of sibling competition on the relationship between nestling conspicuousness and nest type by using clutch size as a proxy for the level of sibling competition [26].
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