In the Li-S batteries with 3D CCF interlayer, massive dissolved polysulfides, together with the electrolyte, can be adsorbed and confined in the 3D CCF interlayer, providing substantial extra active sites and alleviating the shuttle effect effectively.
Given that sulfur and polysulfides are well confined by the SC bond, the shuttle effect is effectively suppressed.
The nitrogen species in nitrogen-doped carbon fiber foam act as the active sites for the capture of polysulfides, and the shuttle effect is suppressed effectively during cycling.
In order to effectively suppress the shuttle effect, we design and prepare a bybrid graphene album structure as an efficient polysulfides-trapped host for Li-S battery.
It is demonstrated that the Al2O3-coating layer is quite effective in reducing shuttle effect and enhancing the stability of the sulfur electrode.
This graphene-encapsulated sulfur cathodes showed better electrochemical capabilities by effectively reducing the shuttle effect and increasing conductivity, reaching capacity values around 750 mAh/g at 0.2 C for the first cycle [19].
At the same time, the Coulombic efficiency maintains above 99% during cycling, demonstrating an effective inhibition of the shuttle effect.
Modifying the properties of a separator is an effective way to inhibit the shuttle effect.
In this structure, the unique graphene layers of sandwich-like framework not only serve as a conductive film, but also effectively block the diffusion of polysulfides, leading to suppression of the shuttle effect and low self-discharge behaviour.
However, its practical application is impeded by severe "shuttle effect" and low cycle stability.
The porous Fe2O3 acts as an internal polysulfide reservoir, and thus reduces the shuttle effect.
