Low but significant correlations (Kendall τ rank correlation coefficient or Pearson linear correlation coefficient of approximately 0.08) were detected among randomly shuffled within-species paralogs (fig. 2 A and B).
By default, the significant positive correlation among the shuffled within-species paralogs should be taken as resulting from conditions of sample preparation and other experimental conditions that are identical (or closely similar) for all genes from the same species but differ between the species.
A novel mechanism of modular shuffling within the HPRs, mediated by flanking sequence motifs that contain both an early promoter and a stem-loop structure (PeSLs) associated preferentially with ORFans, seems to be responsible for much of this localized genomic variability.
After knocking and announcing themselves, the police heard shuffling within the apartment.
Nystedt et al. suggested that the switch in function of T4SSs was mediated by duplication of the pilus component encoding genes and their diversification by combinatorial sequence shuffling within and among genomes [12].
These species are approximately 40 – 60 million years diverged [ 35], and extensive gene shuffling within the chromosome arms has occurred even between moderately diverged genomes such as D. melanogaster and D. yakuba [ 25, 36].
In the genus Drosophila (age ~ 40 mya), for example extensive gene shuffling within the homologous chromosome arms between even moderately diverged genomes such as D. melanogaster and D. erecta (divergence ~ 10 mya [ 77]) is observed.
To understand structure features in 22q11.2 and mechanisms by which SDs on 22q11.2 confer genetic variation and CNV formation, we have decomposed them into fundamental duplication subunits to investigate sequence shuffling within LCR22s, past duplication events, and current duplications (i.e., CNVs).
More precisely, the spike activities of all units have been shuffled within in a 4 second time period among bins of 50 ms width.
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