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More precisely, the genomic sequences are randomized using the "shuffle" program of the HMMER package (http://hmmer.janelia.org/).org/
Ten randomised sequences were obtained using the shuffle program included in the on-line software package SMS [ 32].
Each silkworm scaffold sequence was shuffled with the entropy source of TRUE_RANDOM and the starting ordinal of zero by shuffle program, which was downloaded from http://eyegene.ophthy.med.umich.edu/shuffle/.edu/shuffle/
First, we used the Table Browser available from UCSC Genome Browser to create a file of genome assembly gaps, and used it with the –excl option of the shuffle program to exclude gaps from possible shuffled locations.
For chi-square tests to determine whether the numbers of NRSE within 100 kb of ncRNA and protein-coding genes were greater than expected by chance, we estimated expected counts by shuffling the coordinates of the human NRSE motifs using the shuffle program from the BedTools suite.
In our second test, we randomized the DNA sequence of each 200-bp promoter region, using the shuffle program from the SQUID package (version 1.9g, S. Eddy) [ 76], supplying a random seed and maintaining mononucleotide and dinucleotide composition by specifying the "-d" flag.
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We use the shuffling program from SMILE [ 14] to compute the Z-scores.
We also created a sequence-shuffling program that conserves the original input sequence's base frequencies during shuffling.
The shuffling program reads multiple sequences of specified length in FASTA format and then merges all sequences together into one master combined string.
Thanks to Hurricane Sandy, the networks have been shuffling programming around all week.
As a test, real sequences were input into the shuffle.pl program to generate ten-fold randomly shuffled sequences.
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