"Across all the pain types I've seen -- heat, cold, chemical, electric -- all show the same direction of effect," Dr. Fillingim said.
All the exogenous variables considered show the same direction in the three different specifications.
The cracks show the same direction on the aluminum oxide films deposited by ALD and plasma pretreated ALD, as shown in Figure 3b,c.
In our study, CRH-BP variation showed the same direction of relationship to alpha power in two independent populations.
The top associations consistently showed the same direction for each quantitative trait tested, in agreement with our observations of multivariate linkage analysis [24].
Importantly, all 88 of these validated CpG sites in phase II also showed the same direction of methylation change as phase I (Figure 2).
Furthermore, the allelic direction of XCI skewing was stable across ages 5 and 10; 92.3% of individuals with allelic XCI skewing of greater than 10% (i.e. XCI ratio >60∶40 or <40∶60) showed the same direction of allelic skewing across both ages.
It is interesting to note that the majority of behavior-identified genes (395/404; 98%) showed the same direction of change with age (negatively correlated genes were decreased with age, positively correlated behavior genes were increased).
From the nine genes reported in three studies (ATP5C1, CA2, CYP51A1, FN1, HSP90AB1, IQGAP1, RPS5, SPP1, and TXN), only CYP51A1 and SPP1 showed the same direction in expression change in all three studies (Table S1).
Whilst the degree of skewing was subject to some change over time, the direction of XCI skewing remained largely stable between ages 5 and 10. 92.3% of individuals with allelic XCI skewing of greater than 10% (i.e. XCI ratio >60∶40 or <40∶60) showed the same direction of allelic skewing across both ages.
