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(The introduction of even a single dyadic predicate variable, however, would make the system undecidable, and, in fact, even the system that contains only a single dyadic predicate variable and no other predicate variables at all has been shown to be undecidable).
This problem was shown to be undecidable.
simulation and trace equivalence is also shown to be undecidable for PA.
Similar(57)
This is now known as the continuum hypothesis, and it has been shown to be an undecidable proposition in standard set theory.
At least one of them has been shown to be insoluble in principle; it falls into Gödel's category of formally undecidable mathematical propositions.
CH is known to be undecidable on the basis of the axioms in ZFC.
The distributed synthesis problem of safety and reachability languages is known to be undecidable.
The set of sentences of GL with propositional quantifiers that is arithmetically valid turns out to be undecidable (Shavrukov 1997).
It is also decidable (Tsai 2013a), whereas for example, M, MM, and EM, and many extensions thereof turn out to be undecidable.
Unfortunately, the version of STIT with agents and groups has been recently proved to be undecidable and not finitely axiomatizable.
The model checking problem for RAL with unbounded production and consumption of resources is known to be undecidable.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com