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The blunted CAR in PSD patients is a novel finding, consistent with other studies showing dysfunction of HPA axis following stroke.
The contribution of defective visuoperceptual processing is also supported by neuroimaging studies showing dysfunction of the occipitotemporal visual association cortices in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and patients with Parkinson's disease with visual hallucinations (Oishi et al., 2005; Perneczky et al., 2008; Meppelink et al., 2009).
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Studies in primary burning mouth syndrome have shown dysfunction of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway [1, 3, 4].
We found that hippocampal signal was significantly diminished in elderly subjects with memory decline compared to age-matched controls, and different subjects showed dysfunction in different subregions.
In patients with OCD displaying washing and checking compulsions, neuroimaging studies have shown dysfunction of orbitofrontal, cingular and temporal cortices as well as of the caudate nucleus [46], [47].
In patients suffering from GTS without psychiatric co-morbidities, structural and functional neuroimaging studies as well as transcranial magnetic stimulation studies have shown dysfunction of premotor, sensorimotor, dorsal parietal, dorsolateral prefrontal and cingulated and insular cortical areas [42] [44].
As well as impairments in lung function, smoke-exposed mice show dysfunction and fibre-type switching in the soleus muscle.
We hypothesized that ACUP on GB 34 has an effect on brain areas that are known to show dysfunction due to nigral dopamine depletion.
None of the 19 horses that did not display abnormal respiratory noise during exercise showed dysfunction of the upper airway during an endoscopic examination at rest.
The CC receives large projections from the DRN and MRN and projects to orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala, two areas hypothesized to show dysfunction in depression.
Using long-term cultures of marrow stromal cells from SDS and unaffected subjects, Dror and Freedman demonstrated that patients show dysfunction of the BM stroma.
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