Modules J and K exhibited such patterns regardless of the dietary conditions, whereas the expression of Modules L, M, and N showed such patterns only when insects were fed on soybean diets.
However, the H-2 signal did not show such pattern.
We are not aware, however, of other studies showing such pattern, probably also because most studies evaluating GS across multiple species of a genus did not cover their geographic distribution or did not explore the geographic distribution of monoploid GS.
Model comparison could be used on human behavioral data to determine if subsets of subjects show such patterns of discounting.
Our rationale was that characters showing such patterns are likely to be under selection, or linked to other traits that are under selection.
Indeed, studies have shown such patterns (Djulbegovic et al., 2013), suggesting that early-phase research provides a reliable basis for designing randomized trials, and that the clinical research enterprise adequately protects the welfare of subjects.
TrAP co-localized with both LHP1 and KYP in scattered but not yet clearly defined nuclear foci, whereas co-expression of TrAP-CFP and other YFP-tagged proteins in N. benthamiana cells did not show such patterns.
Although it is intuitive that the presence of herbivores may enhance the diversity of scavenging and parasitic arthropods, field studies showing such patterns are scarce (Barton et al., 2013).
Some known miRNAs show such patterns in Northern blot analyses and intermediate products of miRNA maturation have been observed, but there is no comprehensive explanation for these results [ 19, 28, 29].
However, approximately 50% of oocytes displayed diffuse distribution in the pFF (53%) and FCS (48%) groups, while only 35% of oocytes in the TCM-199 group and 24% of oocytes in the control group showed such a pattern (Fig. 4B).
