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From top to bottom, its graphs show congruent patterns between an intrinsically neutral community with identical character traits for all species (equivalent to identically superimposed isoclines in Figs-1 and -2 models), and communities that trade growth capacity against competitive dominance increasingly starkly.
Rapid morphological evolution has been documented in other Zosterops species [ 42, 43], yet adaptive changes in morphology can often evolve too fast for neutral genetic markers to show congruent patterns of differentiation [ 40].
Phenotypic clines revealed by in situ observations of TBB show congruent patterns across species: bud burst in southern latitudes or lower altitudes occurs earlier than in northern latitudes or higher altitudes [ 10- 12], because TBB is triggered by heat sum [ 13].
Scores for neutrality and negative selection show congruent patterns among distinct tissues along both these lineages as well as the outgroup S. fransicanus, which shares both its larval and adult habitat with S. purpuratus (fig. 7 A – C ; supplementary fig. S1, Supplementary Material online).
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Gene diversity (HSK) and allelic richness (RS) varied significantly among the four coral reef systems (P = 0.001), and both measures showed congruent patterns.
Diversification and migration of the species-rich pantropical genera Burmannia and Gymnosiphon display congruent patterns.
Both process models show a congruent pattern to changes in input data.
Other African savannah ungulates, such as giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) also show a congruent pattern [ 5].
In vicariance biogeography, the emphasis is on using phylogenies to see if groups of species show similar or "congruent" patterns of evolution across geographic space (Wiley 1981; Brooks and McLennan 1991; Lieberman 2000; Morrone 2008; Wiley and Lieberman 2011).
The analyses revealed that MIP has shown a congruent pattern of RD's with respect to the members of MAIC and a similar pattern with that of early pathogenic members of MTBC like M. marinum and M. ulcerans.
Several studies have shown congruent phylogeographic patterns between parasites and their hosts, such as nematodes (Heligmosomoides polygyrus) and field mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) [ 5] or mite (Spinturnix myoti) and bat (Myotis punicus) [ 6].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com