By JPMorgan's account, the F.D.I.C. agreed that it would shoulder some liabilities from Washington Mutual.
And there is no guarantee that such a fund would produce an adequate return.A cosier and more German solution is to get the federal and North Rhine-Westphalia governments to shoulder the liabilities.
Presumably the British authorities would only be willing to shoulder those liabilities if RBS and Lloyds moved their headquarters to London in advance.Mr Salmond also threatens that Scotland will not take on a population share of the national debt if London refuses to let it use the pound and the Bank of England.
Mr. Gemba spoke not long after the country's largest newspaper, Yomiuri Shimbun, cited unidentified people as saying the government was considering a plan to temporarily acquire a majority stake in the company, help it shoulder the liabilities that are likely to be incurred, and then eventually take it private again.
Employers do not shoulder any liability.
Washington requires the authority to have bomb-sniffing dogs, shoulder bigger liability insurance premiums and take other measures.
For example, if Congress were to approve ideas in the latest draft legislation that insist that raters shoulder significant liability for ratings that turned out badly, or tried to legislate the criteria that rating firms use, that might just drive them to forgo the privileged status of being nationally recognized to avoid the weight of the associated shackles.
Yet as it turns out, these companies are not accruing any additional costs from shouldering tort liability," said Morantz, the James and Nancy Kelso Professor of Law at Stanford Law School.
These minority stakes have since become a disastrous drain on Swissair's resources, because its agreements with the small carriers obliged Swissair to shoulder their financial liabilities but gave it little control over how they are run.
Shareholders of Bank of America, who have shouldered billions of liabilities in its acquisition of Countrywide, might feel a bit differently.
"The enterprises offered to shoulder the compensation liability," the association said, according to Xinhua, China's official news agency.
