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The Constant score purely assesses how well a shoulder functions by choosing a number of functional parameters: pain, activities of daily living, elevation, range of movement and strength.
The accurate lateral glenohumeral offset, which indicates a parameter of the lever arm of the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles, is one of the most important elements in achieving the efficient shoulder functions after prosthetic reconstruction.
Interventions that better alleviate symptoms and improve shoulder functions are selected based on patients' reports [ 6, 37].
This scale covers the entire continuum assessment of shoulder functions and has been satisfactorily tested for appropriate psychometric properties of reliability, validity, and responsiveness to clinical change [ 26].
At the 2-year follow-up, women who underwent SLNB still had limitations in 2 of the 4 shoulder functions (anteflexion and abduction-exorotation) compared with the preoperative measurements, whereas women in the ALND group still had limitations in all 4 shoulder functions.
Krishnan et al. [ 22] performed a total claviculectomy as a salvage procedure for 6 patents with clavicle malignancies, resulted in the restoration of partial shoulder functions, led to the minimal strength deficits and provided durable pain relief.
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The self-reported Flexilevel Scale of Shoulder Function (FLEX-SF) was used to present functional disability from symptoms [ 26].
IMUs' validity and reliability to capture shoulder function was limited.
Measures of shoulder function may differ by dominance of affected shoulder, surgical history, gender, or race.
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty relies on its congruent ball/socket joint to restore shoulder function.
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) for cuff tear arthropathy improves shoulder function and reduces pain.
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