For a candidate ligand whose affinity is much greater than that of the reference ligand, the quantities of the reference ligand in the PMFSs should be increased stepwise from a low initial value while the quantity of the mixture sample in the PMFSs is fixed.
The shape of the Vn/n+1 curves suggests that the optimal number of reference genes for reliable RT-qPCR data normalization should be determined by stepwise inclusion of individual reference genes based on their expression stability until a relatively stable and minimal NF variation is achieved across samples in a particular assay.
As for conventional techniques it is important to consider that full forced models should be used, since stepwise methods may convey unstable (or difficult to compare) results.
To fulfill the second goal of protective ventilation, VTPW should be reduced in stepwise increments of 1 cmH2O, with a lowest limit of 4 ml/kg.
It should be noted that during stepwise ThD of NRM, ChRM directions were determined over a wide temperature range (100 500 °C) and that no significant directional changes were observed at around 300 °C.
'Development of organisms for agricultural or environmental applications should be conducted in a stepwise fashion, moving, where appropriate, from the laboratory to the growth chamber and greenhouse, to limited field testing and finally, to large-scale field testing.'.
However, the authors claim that further increases up to the average OECD levels, to reflect long-run marginal production costs, could have adverse social consequences and should be implemented in a stepwise fashion.
ISO 14041 mention that allocation should be applied following these stepwise procedure[18, 19]: Step 1 Whenever possible, allocation should be avoided by dividing the unit process to be allocated into two or more subprocesses and collecting the input and output data related to these subprocesses or by expanding the product system to include the additional functions related to the coproducts.
Instead, the opportunity should be taken to strengthen the stepwise ERA approach and thus increase confidence in risk conclusions.
