Sentence examples for shortwave radiation from inspiring English sources

(The fraction of reflected shortwave radiation is called the cloud albedo).

On an overcast day, for example, the Sun's disk is not visible, and all of the shortwave radiation is diffuse.

Direct shortwave radiation reaches the surface without being absorbed or scattered from its line of propagation by the intervening atmosphere.

Shortwave radiation penetrates a volume of water to significant depths (up to several hundred metres) before the insolation is completely attenuated.

The increase in shortwave radiation absorption by meltwater ponds and the open ocean accelerates the melting process and further reduces surface albedo.

Snow has a high albedo (it reflects a significant proportion of solar shortwave radiation back to the atmosphere), and thus the temperature at the surface remains cool.

Insolation is frequently referred to as shortwave radiation; it falls primarily within the ultraviolet and visible portions of the electromagnetic spectrum and consists predominantly of wavelengths of 0.39 to 0.76 micrometres (0.00002 to 0.00003 inch).

A fraction of the incoming shortwave radiation is absorbed by atmospheric gases, including water vapour, and warms the air directly, but in the absence of clouds most of this energy reaches the surface.

In the Arctic the surface albedo decreases in summer as the snow melts completely, ponds of meltwater form on the ice surface that absorb a greater share of incoming shortwave radiation, and the overall ice concentration (the ratio of ice area to open water area) decreases.

An energy balance equation may be defined in a similar way, including terms for the exchange of long-wave and shortwave radiation with the Sun and atmosphere and for the transport of sensible and latent heat associated with convection and evaporation.

The shortwave radiation is calculated only for zenith angles larger than zero (Neale et al. 2012).