In addition, the NC70 line exhibits a very shallow contraction profile reminiscent of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, as indicated by an unusually small fractional shortening (systolic/diastolic diameter; Figure 2C).
In addition, acid treatment usually shortens length and diameter of CNTs [16, 17].
The steep changes observed during hyperpolarizing threshold electrotonus were consistent with 'fanning-out' (Kaji, 1997) and may support alterations in passive membrane properties related to smaller axonal diameter, shortened internodes and thinned myelin.
Percent fractional shortening was calculated as (Diastolic diameter – Systolic diameter)/Diastolic diameter.
Our data revealed enlarged end systolic diameter, decreased fractional shortening, myocyte peak shortening and maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening as well as prolonged duration of relengthening in LPS-treated FVB mice associated with reduced intracellular Ca2+ release and decay.
Myocardial geometry and function were compromised with fat diet intake as manifested by cardiac hypertrophy, enlarged left ventricular end systolic and diastolic diameters, fractional shortening, cardiomyocyte contractile capacity and intracellular Ca2 + mishandling, the effects of which were ameliorated by catalase.
Two mechanisms of energy transfer were identified depending on the distance between the neighboring Er 3+ ions: (i) homogeneous up-conversion when the doping ions are located at a nanometer scale distance from each other and (ii) the pair-induced quenching when the distance between the Er 3+ ions is shortened to an ion diameter scale.
Micropillars are promising alternative candidates for efficiently collecting carriers because the diffusion distance for minority carriers to reach the p n junction can be shortened; however, the pillar diameter is usually larger than the wavelength of light, inherently increasing the surface reflection.
At 19 DPN, the transition from a ramified morphology to a reactive morphology is noticeable as processes shorten in length and diameter.
The diffusional distance was shortened by decreasing the diameter of the extended loop, which caused a faster mass transfer during the transesterification and consequently resulted in a higher FAME yield.
