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If the telomeres shorten below a critical length, the cell can no longer divide and eventually dies.
Several generations and a long lag time may be required before telomeres shorten below a critical length [ 62- 64].
A predicted shortcoming of therapeutic strategies based on telomerase inhibition to treat cancer is that they will be effective only when telomeres shorten below a minimum length.
A caveat of therapeutic strategies based on telomerase inhibition to treat cancer is that they will be effective only when telomeres shorten below a minimum length.
Thus, we suggest that as the telomere tracts shorten below a minimal threshold, proteins that bind to double-stranded telomere repeats are lost and the telomere becomes dysfunctional, resulting in recruitment of Mec1p.
8 11 When telomeres shorten below a critical length they lose the functions of the shelterin complex and thus they are recognised as DSBs and activate the DNA damage response pathway (DDR).
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In the case of replicative senescence, cells enter G1 arrest after the telomeres have shortened below a critical length [ 29].
Once telomeres have shortened below a preset length, cells activate mechanisms that irreversibly arrest the cell cycle leading to cellular senescence.
Shortening below a specific threshold length results in telomere dysfunction, leading to genomic instability, apoptosis and/or cell senescence, and has thus been implicated in the loss of tissue homeostasis, organ failure and organismal aging (10,11).
Although some chromosome-type meta-TIFs might simply represent the chance occurrence of intermediate-state telomeres on both sister chromatids, some might represent telomeres that have shortened below the absolute length required to form a fully protective structure, so that the probability of forming an intermediate-state telomere is now 100%.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com