But the shock worked both ways.
And the story of the clay season was that the shock worked.
Monotube shocks feature a tube and two pistons, which work essentially like the twin-tube shocks work, with one piston separating the layer of nitrogen from the air.
"The shock works," said Dr. Katherine Houpt, the director of the Animal Behavioral Clinic for the College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University, "because it is simple aversion learning.
The key theoretical concept was "speaking Bolshevik," by which Kotkin meant not only the rote language people used to navigate the bureaucracy but also the more evocative language — of "shock work," "capitalist encirclement," and, above all, "building socialism" — that people increasingly used to understand themselves and their lives.
After the 5-minute SCR settling-in period, subjects completed a standard electric shock work-up procedure to reach a shock level that was unpleasant or annoying but not painful for each wrist.
The musculoskeletal and nervous systems are in shock and working overtime after impact to hold injured tissues still, minimize the amount of scar tissue formation and also minimizing painful stimuli allowed through to the conscious mind.
Correction: June 4, 2004, Friday An article in some copies on Saturday about a construction worker who received an electric shock while working on an Upper West Side building misstated the extent of his injuries.
But in the last two years, he says, he has matured tremendously, having been forced to temper the thrill he gets from ironwork with the shock of working in the grimmest of settings.
Column 2 of Table 2 presents the results of the effects of the 1997 pollution shock on working hours in 2007.
