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We used a shock avoidance paradigm wherein subjects could avoid receiving electric shocks by responding on the correct foot pedal in response to warning stimuli.
Cognitive functions were evaluated using passive shock avoidance (PSA) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests.
We tested if OCD patients have a bias toward habits using a novel shock avoidance task.
In the two-way active shock avoidance task estradiol-replaced animals learned significantly faster, while in the passive shock avoidance test no differences were observed between the experimental groups.
In shock avoidance tasks, extinction is prolonged when vasopressin is infused into the lateral ventricle after an acquisition session.
Treatment of experimental groups differed only in drinking behaviors allowed during sessions and electric shock avoidance schedules.
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did not affect locomotor activity as evaluated in the open open-field test, and learning and memory when assessed in the inhibitory foot-shock avoidance task.
The present experiment systematically replicated these results in pigeons trained to press a treadle in the presence of a tone light compound under food-reinforcement or shock-avoidance schedules.
In electric shock-avoidance controls, one arm of the T-maze was electrified with 80 or 120 V dc for 2 min. In odor-avoidance controls, flies were exposed to 5×10−3 or 1×10−2 dilutions of MCH or OCT versus air for 2 min. A performance index represents the average normalized percent avoidance of the shock-paired odor (learning, memory) or individual stimulus (sensory acuity).
Plasma catecholamine and corticosterone levels during active and passive shock probe avoidance in rats: effects of chlordiazepoxide.
Amygdala lesions do not impair shock-probe avoidance retention performance.
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