The result is not just a model of shoaling fish, but a precise numerical representation of their actual movements and fields of vision.
He draws analogies between human movements on roads and the behaviour of shoaling fish or flocking birds, "those spellbindingly synchronised patterns that look like the work of super-organisms but are just lots of individual animals following their own self-absorbed agendas".
Some plunge divers (as well as some surface feeders) are dependent on dolphins and tuna to push shoaling fish up towards the surface.
Studies have shown strong associations between many different kinds of seabirds, including wedge-tailed shearwaters, and dolphins and tuna, which push shoaling fish up towards the surface.
A well-fitting example might be the turning behaviour to escape from a predator in shoaling fish species.
A 2-cm grid was drawn on one side of the flume window in order for the observer to estimate nearest neighbour distance between the shoaling fish.
Danios are shoaling fish and prefer to be kept in groups of at least 4. It is best to keep them in groups as large as your tank size allows.
Corydoras are shoaling fish and prefer to be kept in groups of at least 4. It is best to keep them in groups as large as your tank size allows.
The blame for these losses has fallen on the commercial fishing industry, which harvests anchovies and other shoaling fishes in the region where the penguins hunt, but oil pollution and predation pressure are also important causes of mortality.
Thresher sharks use their long tails to stun shoaling fishes, and sawsharks either stir prey from the seabed or slash at swimming prey with their tooth-studded rostra.
In an especially discerning moment, Teffi watches a "merry shoal of fish" and in them, she sees reflected her country's people: "Oh little fish, little fish, can you trust this leader of yours?
