The former arises from adjustments in energy and redox states, while the latter is a result of shifting time scales in aggregate pool formation of metabolites.
Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is inaudible and robust against common signal processing such as MP3 compression, low-pass filtering, noise addition, equalization, etc., and is robust against desynchronization attacks such as random cropping, amplitude variation, pitch shifting, time-scale modification, jittering, etc.
This may especially be the case for tropical watersheds where the precipitation forcing of the watershed is frequent and intense – interacting with the shifting time-scales and changing storages with increasing urbanization.
Plainpv is a basic phase vocoder with control of pitch transposition, frequency shift, time scale, and amplitude warp with output shelf equalization.
This viral RNA was extensively studied and undergoes rigorous conformational exchange on the fast NMR chemical shift time scale.
The observation that many resonances in the free BaDHPS were unobservable suggested that BaDHPS undergoes motions on the intermediate chemical shift time scale (i.e., μs ms).
Previous studies have shown that the S- and D-states of IscU give rise to different spectral signatures on the slow chemical shift time scale.
The NMR experiments, because the exchange process is fast on the chemical shift time scale, do not provide information on the structures of the sparsely populated states.
In the case of lactose binding to gal-1, we observed that gal-1 resonances were merely chemically shifted during the titration with lactose, which is what one would expect with fast exchange on the chemical-shift time scale.
In our case, gal-1 resonances initially may be shifted somewhat by interaction with GRG, but are primarily broadened due to the exchange process which falls in the intermediate exchange regime on the NMR chemical-shift time scale [ 22].
We do this in a way that is similar to HSQC chemical-shift mapping [ 23], which is performed when binding interactions occur in the fast or slow exchange regimes on the chemical-shift time scale.
