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However, treatment of wild-type mice with WY14643 and OA shifted the expression of Cyp4F16 to more distal regions, whereas EPA and DHA treatment resulted in significant increased expression in more proximal segments.
Deletion of this element shifted the expression pattern from being neuron-specific to notochord-specific, which is the default pattern observed with the basal promoter plus intron-enhancer combination.
Ploidy duplication neither shifted the expression profile of a weakly metastatic cell to that of a highly metastatic one, nor obviously changed the expression levels of signature genes for highly metastatic cells.
Just as journal editors shifted the expression of probability from potentially misleading P values to more meaningful confidence intervals by requiring them in publication standards, 60 so they should now raise the bar for authors to improve the usability of evidence, and especially to require that research findings are presented in a way that informs individualised conversations.
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Further, RNA editing may interact with the alternative splicing machinery of the 5-HT2CR, thereby shifting the expression ratio of the full-length protein variant relative to the truncated variant, a mechanistic process that has been proposed to influence the density of 5-HT2CR in the plasma membrane in vitro (Martin et al, 2013).
In addition, possible subfunctionalization shifts the expression pattern trends of gene pairs.
In the general case, and in order to shift the expression pattern of the genes K symbols up and down we consider a pair of K symbol alphabets: Σ↑ and Σ↓.
In this case, and in order to shift the expression pattern of the genes K = 2 symbols up and down, we need to consider, for example, the K = 2 symbol alphabets Σ↑ = { V, W} and Σ↓ = { B, C}.
Indeed, shifting the expression of hsa-miR-155 and hsa-miR-503, two miRNAs inversely regulated by TNF-α, towards the level seen in myoblast differentiation, rescued the inhibitory effect of TNF-α on myotube formation.
For example, one "brain-specific" miRNA, miR-124 [ 29], was described in a number of reports and was demonstrated to shift the expression profiles of HeLa cells towards the brain signature [ 30, 31].
Thus, it can be assumed that in the presence of IL-17 a subset of genes up-regulated by TNF-α may shift the expression profile towards "IL-1β like" properties [ 17].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com