Co-expression with H6PDH shifted the steady state ratio to 90 95% cortisol and 5 10% cortisone, respectively.
Our data indicate that antiretroviral treatment in chronic HIV infection shifts the steady state towards slower decay and lower HIV-specific CD8+ Tem frequencies without affecting the overall character of the HIV-specific CD8+ T cell response.
When heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes, the conventional schistosome Cavβ subunit significantly increases Cav2.3 current amplitude, and shifts the steady state inactivation curve to more hyperpolarized potentials [ 16] (in these experiments, we use the robustly expressing human Cav2.3 α1 subunit as a "reporter" to assess β subunit function).
In the presence of cytoplasmic Ca2+, martentoxin could enhance the activities of both gBK and BK channel (α+β1) subtypes in dose-dependent manner with EC50 of 46.7 nM and 495 nM respectively, while not shift the steady-state activation of these channels.
These results may be consistent with the observations that the antiepileptics shift the steady-state inactivation of Na+-channel currents to a more negative membrane potential [ 21– 23].
Given that the intervention objective is to shift the steady-state distribution to desirable states, we propose to directly use the long-run behavior as our criterion for control instead of using the mean first passage time, which is an indirect measure.
As with the MFPT control policy, not only can they be used to directly shift the steady-state distribution without the need for a cost function, they can also be used to predict the potential control gene of the network, serve as reduced-complexity approximations to cost-based control policies, and provide measures of network controllability.
In another case an interchanged parameter leads to 100-times faster equilibrium in one particular reaction, which significantly shifted the steady states of all metabolites.
Finally, in mdx cardiac myocytes, absence of dystrophin shifted the steady-state activation of DHPR towards more positive potentials [44] or prolonged channel inactivation [45].
Equation 15 indicates that an increase in E will parallel-shift the steady-state balanced growth path of capital per labour unit by the same proportion, while Equation 16 shows a more than proportional shift in the path of output per labour unit.
As shown in Figure 6B, INa was normalized to the maximum current amplitude, and data were fitted with a Boltzmann equation; 10 and 20 nM QDs shifted the steady-state inactivation curves in the depolarizing direction.
