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Critically, these tasks predicted an increase in the hit rate, without an associated increase in false alarms, showing a beneficial shift in sensitivity without a detrimental shift in the criterion.
Because of our measure of low prevalence accuracy (hits minus false alarms), it is possible that observers rated high on the measures high prevalence performance, K, attentional control, vigilance, and introversion simply increased their hits more than their increase in false alarms, which could increase accuracy as a result of a shift in the criterion.
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This finding that the predictors associated with better low prevalence target detection were also associated with fewer false alarms suggests that these factors predict an increase in sensitivity, rather than only a shift in the decision criterion for responding "target present".
However, the behavioral effects of attention in detection can be separated into two distinct components: spatially selective shifts in either the criterion or sensitivity of the subject.
(b) The biased feedback paradigm elicited a liberal shift in criterion (that is, more negative criterion values) over the course of the recognition test.
Intuitively, this asymmetry reflects a default bias towards deferring commitments, and the fact that this bias shifts the criterion in opposite directions in rule-in and rule-out.
First, patients may be presenting earlier in the course of the disease, and second, the shift in eligibility criteria to higher CD4 counts may also be contributing to early initiation of ART.
Sensitivity analysis is helpful to analyze how a shift in a specific criterion or sub-criterion's weight affects the overall decision.
This tradeoff of error type is characteristic of a "criterion shift" in the terms of signal detection theory (Macmillan & Creelman, 2005).
Similar to Wolfe et al. (2007), this manipulation increased the hit rate, but also increased the rate of potentially costly false alarms, suggesting that it produced a shift in decision criterion rather than an increase in sensitivity.
Metaphysical uncertainty also results in (a) evaluations that have no clear criteria of success and (b) a shift in the language of evaluation from objective criteria towards expressions of personal taste.
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