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Given the gradual nature of the recovery in Europe -- especially when compared with the sudden growth spurt in the United States -- economists said the bank had several months to watch developments before it commits to a shift in rates.
Janet Yellen, who took over as Fed chair a year ago, has stressed that with oil prices plunging, she wants to see evidence that inflation is returning to its 2% target before she agrees to a shift in rates.
Interestingly, the shift in rates caused some deals that were agreed upon to be primed for renegotiation.
Similarly, we would observe a shift in rates if Late Pleistocene climate change increased lineage splitting.
For example, if changes in Pliocene sea levels altered rates, we expect to observe an instantaneous shift in rates.
This result not only corroborates previous studies that suggested an unequal distribution of mt substitution rates between non-neobatrachian and neobatrachian frogs [ 25- 28, 33], but also characterizes the evolutionary dynamics of the shift in rates within neobatrachians.
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For model C, optimal time points for a shift in rate of diversification suggested by the LTT plot were tested.
Other methods exist to infer speciation rates on phylogenies that do not need prior hypotheses on the location of the shift in rate [ 64].
Compared with declines for women born in England and Wales, the decline was significantly smaller in the second decade for women from Jamaica, other Caribbean countries or Pakistan which explains the shift in rate ratios in fig 1B.
However, there was a steep increase in the number of harpaline lineages early after the origin of the subfamily, approximately at 75 My ago, and a shift in rate at about 41 My ago (arrow in Figure 4).
Small shifts in rates can mean sizable gains or losses.
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